RSSCOMPUTERS IN OUR LIFE
Our life would be boring without computers. It’s hard to believe that one device can provide people with entertainment, news, education, music. With the appearance of computer many things have lost their importance. People don’t watch TV anymore, don’t go to the cinema very often. They don’t listen to the radio, they’ve stopped buying newspapers and magazines. Many have taken online classes. Thus, computers and Internet have become an integral part of every family. Computer is a powerful tool. It helps to create colourful presentations, to calculate large numbers, to write articles, to save and edit photos, to keep documentation and, of course, to surf the web. Internet is the main source of information nowadays. It informs us, entertains and educates. We find everyday news online, educational resources, films, music, games. Everyone can find something to his or her own taste there. However, computers have certain disadvantages. First of all, there is too much violence online, as well as aggressive pictures and irrelevant information. All this can lead to different problems. Secondly, Internet is a free space, where personal information can easily be stolen. So, people should be aware of what they are posting or downloading. Thirdly, computers have turned people into passive creatures. They can spend hours in front of the monitors, which results into poor eyesight and other health issues. In conclusion, I’d like to add that computers are good at certain extent. If they are being used wisely and moderately, then they can make our life better.
TELEVISION IN OUR LIFE
Television is one of the most popular devices that are used all over the world.
The invention of television gave us various benefits. It keeps us updated on the latest events and news. Television also offers educational programs that enhances our knowledge about science and wildlife and more.
Television offers people a cheap source of entertainment. It saves them from boredom. It is very affordable, everyone can get access to information or have fun at one’s leisure time.
Moreover, television also motivates individuals to develop skills. They also have various programs showing speeches of motivational speakers. This pushes people to do better. You can also say that television increases our knowledge.
While television comes with a lot of benefits, it also has a negative side.
Firstly, we see how television is airing inappropriate content which promotes all types of social evils like violence and more. Secondly, it is also harmful to our health. If you spend hours in front of the television, your eyesight will get weak. Your posture will cause pain in your neck and back as well.
Additionally, it also makes people addicts. People get addicted to their TVs and avoid social interaction.
The most dangerous of all is the fake information that circulates on news channels. Moreover, it is the easiest platform to create misunderstandings between communities.
Parents must limit the time of their children watching TV and encourage them to take part in outdoor games. As for the adults, we should not believe everything on the TV to be true. We must develop critical thinking, be the better judges of the situation and act wisely without any influence.
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ (MODAL VERBS)
Модальные глаголы глаголы обозначают не конкретные действия, а выражают лишь отношение говорящего к действию. С их помощью говорящий показывает, что он считает то или иное действие возможным, невозможным, вероятным, необходимым, желательным и т.д. Поэтому модальные глаголы употребляются не самостоятельно, а только в сочетании с инфинитивом смыслового глагола.
Сравните:
He is swimming in the lake – Он сейчас плавает в озере.
(Форма Present Continuous выражает конкретное действие).
He can swim – Он умеет плавать.
(Здесь говорящий сообщает об умении, способности кого-то плавать).
К модальным глаголам относятся can, could, may, might, must, should, would, ought. Модальные значения могут быть выражены глаголами be to, have to, и shall / will.
Модальные глаголы отличаются от других глаголов не только своим значением, но и системой грамматических форм.
У них отсутствует ряд грамматических форм, которые имеют другие глаголы:
1. Модальные глаголы не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, причастия и герундия).
2. Модальные глаголы, кроме can и may, имеют форму только настоящего времени, которая может относить действие к настоящему или будущему времени.
- Dan can give you the book now. – Дэн может дать тебе книгу сейчас.
- Dan can give you the book tomorrow. – Дэн может дать тебе книгу завтра.
Глаголы can и may имеют форму прошедшего времени could и might.
- He could run well when he was young. – Он хорошо бегал, когда
был молодым.
3. Модальные глаголы не принимают окончания -s в 3-м лице единственного числа при образовании настоящего времени.
4. а) Инфинитив смыслового глагола, следующий за модальными глаголами, употребляется без частицы to, (с частицей to ТОЛЬКО после be, have, ought).
I can do it. – Я могу сделать это.
You needn’t worry about that. – Вам не надо волноваться об этом.
He may come tonight. – Он может прийти сегодня вечером.
The train is to arrive at 5 o’clock. – Поезд должен прибыть в 5 часов.
He had to help us. – Он должен был помочь нам.
We ought to stay with him. – Мы должны остаться с ним.
5. Вопросительная и отрицательная формы предложений с модальными глаголами образуются без вспомогательного глагола.
You oughtn’t to tell lies. – Вам не следует говорить неправду.
We can’t listen to her singing. – Мы не можем слушать ее пение.
May I watch TV show? – Можно мне посмотреть передачу?
Can you help me? – Можете вы мне помочь?
ГЛАГОЛ CAN
Возможность что-нибудь сделать
(могу, умею)
I can play the piano.
(умею)
He can answer the question.
(может)
I cannot swim.
(не умею)
He cannot understand. (не может)
Can you sing? (умеете?)
Can you help me? (можете?)
I could not ski when I was little. (не умел)
She could not jump so high. (не могла)
Обратите внимание, что в вопросительных предложениях глагол can может выражать недоумение (неужели…?)
Can she have spent all the money? – Неужели она истратила все деньги?
Случаи употребления глагола CAN, COULD
1. Модальный глагол can употребляется для выражения:
а) возможности, умения, способности что-либо делать:
Can you type? – Ты умеешь печатать?
b) разрешения совершить действие:
You can have a smoke. – Вы можете покурить.
с) запроса на разрешение:
Can I use your dictionary? – Можно взять ваш словарь?
d) просьбы:
Can you do it for me? – Вы можете это сделать для меня?
е) отказа или запрещения:
You can’t use my bike. – Нельзя брать мой велосипед.
2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи not:
can – cannot (can’t),
could – could not (couldn’t).
Отрицательная форма can’t употребляется также для того, чтобы выразить мнение говорящего о невозможности какого- либо действия или состояния в настоящем (т.е. говорящий не верит, что это может
быть):
He can’t be working at this time. – Не может быть, чтобы он работал в это время.
3. Форма прошедшего времени could часто употребляется вместо can:
a) как менее категоричная (более вежливая):
You could go now if you like. – Теперь вы можете идти, если хотите.
b) для выражения вежливой просьбы (с оттенком неуверенности):
Could you tell me her phone number? – Вы не могли бы сказать мне ее номер телефона?
с) для выражения предположения о возможности каких-либо событий в будущем:
Could he be busy tonight? – А он не может быть сегодня занят?
4. Для образования вопросительной формы модальный глагол can (could) ставится перед подлежащим:
Could you read English books last year? – Вы могли читать анг-
лийские книги в прошлом году?
Can you do it now? – Можете вы это сделать сейчас?
5. Синонимичным оборотом глагола can является to be able to « быть в состоянии» и восполняет его недостающие формы:
I am very glad you were able to come. – Я очень рад, что вы смогли прийти.
He is able to do it. (может, в состоянии)
He was able to do it yesterday. (мог)
He will be able to do it tomorrow. (сможет)
He has been able to swim since childhood. (умеет с детства)
Упражнения
I. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.
1. You know I can never refuse you.
2. No one could tell me where he lived.
3. The teacher said they could all go home.
4. That’s a question nobody can answer.
5. At present they could promise nothing.
6. Can the theatre seat ten thousand people?
7. Timothy can’t be so unfair.
8. I could help them, but I am not sure they want me to.
9. When can I leave?
10. Her grandmother can knit very well.
11. I can answer the questions. They are very easy.
12. This trip is too expensive for me. I can’t afford it.
13. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can
find the job she’s looking for.
14. Can you go to have lunch with me? – I’m sorry. I can’t.
II. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы can (could), be able to в
нужной форме.
1. Leonardo da Vinci was a student in Florence. He … draw, design
buildings and write music.
2. I … (not) go out because I have a lot of homework.
3. She … speak English when she was ten.
4. You … use a computer.
5. … you help me?
6. I don’t think I … go on holidays this year, I … afford it.
7. My last job was near my home, so I … walk to work.
8. I … not phone you last night because phone was out of order.
III. Сделайте просьбу еще более вежливой.
А. Example: Can you tell me Ben’s phone number?
Could you tell me Ben’s phone number?
1. Can you get me a copy, too?
2. Can you come and see me at my place tonight?
3. Can I have a look at his new book, please?
4. Can I keep catalogue five till Tuesday?
B. Example: Give me some water.
Could you give me some water (please)?
1. Help me with that tire.
2. Type this letter for me.
3. Speak louder.
4. Pass me the salt.
5. Switch off the light.
V.Составьте предложения по образцу, используя модальные
глаголы can, could.
Example: I couldn’t skate last winter, but now I can skate well.
1. …… repeat sentences after the recorded voice.
2. …… read and speak two foreign languages.
3. …… play the guitar (the piano).
4. …… read foreign literature in the original.
5. …… cook dishes of fish.
6. …… go to the library with you.
7. …… sew and knit myself.
8. …… play chess.
9. …… drive a car.
10. … buy a dictionary for you.
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VI. Используя can, can’t, could, couldn’t, измените предложения.
Example: Do you hear the music?
Can you hear the music?
1. Close the door, please. I don’t hear anything.
2. Do you see that girl over there?
3. Did you get tickets yesterday?
4. I don’t understand what you said.
5. I looked up but I didn’t see anything.
6. We smell something burning.
7. I heard a noise outside the door.
8. He didn’t do it all by himself. He was practically unprepared.
9. She didn’t do it last week. She had no time.
10. I did not buy that book yesterday.
X. Дополните предложения can, be able to в правильной форме.
1. I … get my degree next year.
2. She … visit us yesterday, because she was busy.
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3. I … finish this work today, I’m tired.
4. We have no class on Tuesday, that’s why we … get ready for the
next seminar.
5. I’m afraid I … translate this article tonight.
6. Did you buy any fresh meat? – No, I … get any.
7. I think you … play tennis better after a bit of practice.
8. She … dance quite nicely when she was a girl.
XI. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Эту книгу можно купить в любом магазине.
2. Он мог бы сделать это на прошлой неделе. Он был не занят.
3. Не может быть, чтобы она ошиблась.
4. Можно мне чашку чая?
5. Я умел плавать, когда мне было 5 лет.
6. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки.
7. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках.
8. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку?
9. Я не могу выпить это молоко.
10. Она не может вас понять.
11. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году?
12. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею.
13. Вы не можете мне сказать, как доехать до вокзала?
14. Не могли бы вы мне помочь?
15. Я не могу перевести это предложение.
16. Где тут можно купить хлеб?
XII. Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя слова,
данные в скобках. Замените модальный глагол can (could) выраже-
нием to be able to в нужном времени, где это необходимо.
1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness.
2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics).
3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination).
4. We can pass to the next exercise (when we have done this one).
5. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it).
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6. He can ski (for ten years).
7. We knew that she could swim (since a child).
8. You cannot take part in this serious sport competition (until you have mastered good skills).
9. I could not solve the problem (before he explained it to me).
XIII. Выберите правильный вариант, сделав изменения в случае
необходимости.
а) could; b) can; c) be able to.
A.
1. I … see you tomorrow.
2. It was too expensive. I … not buy it.
3. …I have a word with you, please?
4. I generally leave work at six, but I … leave earlier on Fridays.
5. …you…help me carry this upstairs?
6. …he…come to the office tomorrow?
7. I tried to meet her, I… .
8. It was so heavy that I … not lift it.
9. He … not come tomorrow, I’m afraid. He’s too busy.
10. …you… meet your parents yesterday?
11. She … not work since her illness.
B.
1. After he had tried for a few hours, he … open the door and get out.
2. I … see you next Monday at ten.
3. They didn’t come to the restaurant, they … not afford it.
4. When they come back from London they … show us the new pic
tures.
5. He’s very fit for his age. He … run really fast.
6. I’d like … work with you one day.
7. He … not climb up to the top: he was too scared.
8. If you hadn’t phoned for an ambulance, he … die.
9. She loves … spend all morning in bed at the weekend.
10. We … go to that concert tomorrow if the tickets haven’t sold out.
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C.
1. I think you should go in spring: it … be very crowded there in summer.
2. I … not understand what he says: he speaks too quickly.
3. Do you know where my glasses are? I … not see very much without
them.
4. To … speak another language fluently is a great advantage when
you’re looking for a job.
5. Our son … not say anything until he was three years old.
6. We … not phone her up because her phone had broken, but fortunately
we … get a message to her.
7. Andrew’s exam results weren’t very good. He … do better.
8. I … not sleep very well for the last nights. It’s been too hot.
9. She tried to think of other things but she … not put that awful memory
out of her mind.
10. We should … go out when we want to.
11. …you come to the party on Saturday?__
