Вопросы

EX. 1 Holy books of buddhism As we already know, this was transmitted through the lips of the disciples of the great guru. This was too loud a word for the first congress of the followers of Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha’s teaching was canonized, and a text version of it was developed. It is believed that these were the first sacred books that were written by monks under the authority of the three closest disciples of the Buddha - Ananda, Mahakashyapa and Mahamaudgalyan, which from memory reproduced everything that Buddha taught them. But with the words “sacred books” the reader should have nothing to do with the fact that they looked like a crowded and solemn text of the “Teachings of the Buddha”, as they look like text and preserves, the biblical data of Moses, looking completely different ... The first Buddhist books? These books were written as “The Law of Pali,” or “Tipitaka,” which means “Three Baskets.” then worn in baskets). It is written that these books were in the ancient Indian language, which was spoken by Teacher himself. Buddhist tradition claims that he had to study Buddhism in a language he understood. As a result, a huge number of all kinds of dialects appeared, which were to be returned to Sanskrit. However, the Sanskrit Tipitaka did not reach us. When in the 13th century, Muslims conquered Bihar and Bengal, the last strongholds of Buddhists in India, the mass destruction of the monastery began with its libraries. There is one very delicate moment in the history of Buddhist books. As we know, for quite some time - several centuries. He was only in the fourth cathedral in Sri Lanka in the 1st century BC. e. All that is needed is early Buddhism, one can only guess ... So, Three Baskets. But why exactly three baskets? These books consisted of three sections, which were called Vinaya-pitaka, Sutra-pitaka and Abhidharma-pitaka. Buddhist monastic public. It included 227 rules that the monks in the sangha should have lived. Sutrapitaka contained the teachings of the Four Noble Truths, as well as the fact that they included the sermons and teachings of the Buddha, collections of Dharmapada and Jataka. "Dharmapada", that is, the "Path of Truth", which is a selection of Buddhist parables. These parables are collected from 563 to 483 BC. and draw inspiration in them. This is especially true for followers of Theravada. “Jataka” is a collection of stories of previous incarnations of Gautama Buddha himself. The word "jataka" in its meaning is closest to the Russian word "life". These are instructive stories, episodes from the history of mankind. In the course of his innumerable reincarnations, the Buddha was embodied in all kinds of guises. He was male and female, animal and bird, and, of course, a bodhisattva. Moreover, it is believed that a bodhisattva can come to this world not only in the form of a person, but also in an animal and in general anyone. This creature is always the standard of nobleness, morality and self-sacrifice. Also in the "Jataka" are listed people who are able to achieve the state of Buddha. These are the following virtues: wisdom, generosity, patience, energy, rejection of illusions, truthfulness, kindness, decisiveness, the right attitude and actually virtue, as the basis of all behavior.

Abortion The Church of England strongly opposes abortion and encourages people to think through the issue very carefully. The Roman Catholic Church believes that life begins at the moment of conception and says that deliberately causing an abortion is a grave moral wrong. Contraception The Bible has little to say about contraception, so Christian ideas about contraception come from church teachings. They are often based on different ideas of Christian marriage. Animal rights For most of history Christian thinkers believed that human beings were greatly superior to animals and ignored animal suffering. Modern thinkers say human beings have a steward's role. Capital punishment For much of history, the Christian Churches accepted that capital punishment was necessary. In recent times many Christians have argued against the death penalty on the grounds that Christianity should support life. Euthanasia Christians are mostly against euthanasia. The arguments are usually based on the beliefs that life is given by God. War Modern Christians think that war is rarely justified and should be avoided unless it is a 'just war'.

ex. 1. 1. life lessons 2. self-esteem 3. valuable qualities 4. to take into account 5. goal setting 6. the craze of the day 7. goal 8. dedication 9. to exploit the talent 10. to have a positive influence on children 11. to build a young person’s character 12. psychological traumas 13. gain through reaching goals 14. mental, physical and emotional development 15. the focus on process, not on the outcome 16. to pressure the kids to do 17. physical activity 18. to provide opportunities for enjoyment

Kalesnikovich Svetliana CHILDREN IN SPORT I. Exercise 1. II. Self-esteem самоуважение III. to have a positive influence on children. иметь положительное влияние на детей IV. to build a young person’s character. вырабатывать характер молодого человека V. goal цель VI. dedication преданность VII. valuable qualities важные качества VIII. goal setting целеполагание IX. gain through reaching goals приобретать через постановку целей X. physical activity физическая активность XI. to provide opportunities for enjoyment. обеспечивать возможности для развлечения XII. life lessons жизненные уроки XIII. the craze of the day мода XIV. to take into account. принимать во внимание XV. to exploit the talent эксплуатировать талант XVI. psychological traumas психологические травмы XVII. the focus on the process, not on the outcome внимание к процессу, а не к результату XVIII. mental, physical and emotional development умственное, физическое и эмоциональное развитие XIX. to pressure the kids to do заставлять детей делать II. Exercise 2. Общеизвестно, что физическая активность имеет положительное влияние на детей. Также спорт вырабатывает характер молодого человека. Спорт развивает такие ценные качества, как уверенность в себе, лидерство, преданность делу, постановка целей. Самоуважение - это то, что вы приобретаете, достигая целей, поэтому участие в любом спорте дает детям ощущение достижения. Из спортивных уроков извлекаются некоторые величайшие жизненные уроки: «Победа не дается легко; ты должен работать на это ». «Когда вы проигрываете, поднимитесь и попробуйте снова». Быть частью команды побуждает детей думать о других. Спорт обеспечивает возможность для развлечения. Но эти положительные эффекты могут иметь место, только если детский спорт находится в правильных руках. К сожалению, это не всегда так. Детский спорт имеет и отрицательную сторону. Например, некоторые родители заставляют своих детей делать то, что им не нравится. Они навязывают детям спорт, потому что это модно, и ожидают от своих детей слишком многого. Интересы и способности каждого отдельного ребенка должны быть приняты во внимание. Некоторые дети проявляют особый талант и интерес к определенному виду спорта. Их будущее может стать блестящим. Но, с другой стороны, некоторые тренеры используют талант маленьких спортсменов. Они много зарабатывают, и это их портит. Они могут разрушить свое здоровье и страдать от психологических травм. Поэтому, если ребенок решает заняться спортом, основное внимание следует уделять процессу, а не результату. Не важно быть звездой. Победа не является целью. Настоящая цель - умственное, физическое и эмоциональное развитие ребенка. Exercise 2. 1. Sport develops valuable qualities. 2. Self-esteem is something you gain through reaching goals. 3. The interests and abilities of each individual child should be taken into account. 4. The focus should be on the process, not on the outcome. 5. Some parents impose sport on the children, because it’s the craze of the day. 6. Young sportsmen can ruin their health. 7. It is important to get only positive experience from sports. 8. The real goal is the child's mental, physical and emotional development. Вопросы к предложению 1. 1. Does sport develops valuable qualities? 2. What does sport develops valuable qualities? 3. Does sport or art develops valuable qualities? 4. Sport develops valuable qualities, doesn’t it? 5. Who develops valuable qualities? Вопросы к предложению 6. 1. Can young sportsmen ruin their health? 2. Why young sportsmen ruin their health? 3. Can young sportsmen ruin their health or gain mental, physical and emotional development? 4. Young sportsmen can ruin their health, can not they? 5. Who can ruin their health? Exercise 3. It’s a well-known fact that physical activity has a positive influence on children. Also sport is significant in building a young person’s character. Self-esteem is something you gain through reaching goals, so participation in any sport gives children a sense of achievement. Some greatest life lessons are learned in sports: “Winning does not come easy; you've got to work for it.” “When you lose, pick yourself up and try again”. Being part of a team encourages children to think of others. Sport provides great opportunities for enjoyment. Some parents, for example, pressure their kids to do what they don't enjoy. They impose sport on the children, because it’s the craze of the day, and expect too much from their kids. The interests and abilities of each individual child should be taken into account. Some children are showing special talent at and interest in a particular sport. Their future can become brilliant. But an the other hand, some coaches exploit the talent of little sportsmen. So if a child decides to play a sport, the focus should be on the process, not on the outcome. Exercise 4. Good effects 1. physical activity has a positive influence on children 2. sport is significant in building a young person’s character. 3. Sport develops valuable qualities such as self-confidence, leadership, dedication, goal setting. 4. Some greatest life lessons are learned in sports 5. Being part of a team encourages children to think of others. 6. Sport provides great opportunities for enjoyment. Bad effects 1. They earn much, and it spoils them 2. Parents pressure their kids to do what they don't enjoy 3. Coaches exploit the talent of little sportsmen. 4. They can ruin their health and suffer from psychological traumas.

ex.2. Общеизвестный факт, что физическая активность оказывает положительное влияние на детей. Также спорт играет важную роль в формировании характера молодого человека. Спорт развивает такие ценные качества, как уверенность в себе, лидерство, преданность делу, постановка целей. Чувство собственного достоинства - это то, что вы приобретаете, достигая целей, поэтому участие в любом спорте дает детям ощущение достижения. Из спортивных уроков извлекаются некоторые жизненные уроки: «Победа не дается легко; ты должен работать над этим ». «Когда вы проигрываете, поднимитесь и попробуйте снова». Быть частью команды побуждает детей думать о других. Спорт предоставляет большие возможности для удовольствия. Но эти положительные эффекты могут иметь место, только если детский спорт находится в правильных руках. К сожалению, это не всегда так. Детский спорт имеет и отрицательную сторону. Например, некоторые родители заставляют своих детей делать то, что им не нравится. Они навязывают детям спорт, потому что это модно сейчас, и ожидают от своих детей слишком многого. Интересы и способности каждого ребенка должны быть приняты во внимание. Некоторые дети проявляют особый талант и интерес к определенному виду спорта. Их будущее может стать блестящим. Но, с другой стороны, некоторые тренеры используют талант маленьких спортсменов. Они много зарабатывают, и это их портит. Они могут разрушить свое здоровье и страдать от психологических травм. Поэтому, если ребенок решает заняться спортом, основное внимание следует уделять процессу, а не результату. Не важно быть звездой. Победа не является целью. Настоящая цель - умственное, физическое и эмоциональное развитие ребенка.